Extracts and the Old Testament 

 

The topic of cannabis in the Old Testament is intriguing and somewhat speculative, as direct references to cannabis are not explicitly found in the canonical texts. However, some scholars and historians have theorized that cannabis may have been one of the substances used in ancient ritualistic practices described in the Old Testament, often under different names.

 

Possible References to Cannabis

 

**Kaneh-Bosm (קְנֵה-בֹשֶׂם)**: The most frequently cited reference to cannabis in the Old Testament is associated with the Hebrew term "kaneh-bosm," which appears in Exodus as one of the ingredients in the sacred anointing oil used by the priests of ancient Israel. The traditional interpretation of "kaneh-bosm" has been “calamus,” a common reed plant. However, some researchers like Sula Benet (also known as Sara Benetowa), a Polish anthropologist in the 20th century, argued based on linguistic and historical analysis that "kaneh-bosm" might actually have been cannabis. 

 

Usage in Anointing Oil

 

The anointing oil, as described in Exodus 30:22-25, was a mixture comprising myrrh, cinnamon, "kaneh-bosm," cassia, and olive oil. This oil was used to anoint the tabernacle, ark of the covenant, and other sacred objects, as well as priests who were being consecrated for holy service. The preparation of this oil was considered a highly sacred task, and the anointing practice set apart objects and individuals for purposes dedicated to God.

 

Scholarly Debate

 

There is considerable debate among scholars regarding whether "kaneh-bosm" was indeed cannabis:

- **Linguistic Argument**: Some argue that the similarity in phonetics between "kaneh-bosm" and the modern word "cannabis" suggests a historical link. Linguistic connections have been made to ancient terms in other languages, such as the Sumerian word "qunabu," which was used to refer to a way to produce smoke, a possible reference to the inhalation of cannabis.

- **Cultural Practices**: The use of psychoactive plants in spiritual and religious rites was common in many ancient cultures around the same geographical regions, including in Assyria, Babylonia, and Egypt. These practices might suggest a similar use among the Israelites, though direct evidence is lacking.

 

Modern Perspectives

 

While the idea of cannabis being used in ancient Israelite religious practices captures the imagination, it is important to consider the academic rigor required to make definitive historical claims:

- **Archaeological Evidence**: To date, there has been no definitive archaeological evidence that directly links cannabis with ancient Israelite religious practices.

- **Cultural Documentation**: Historical records from neighboring cultures and the broader context of the region might provide clues but do not confirm the use of cannabis in the specific practices of the ancient Israelites.

 

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While the hypothesis that "kaneh-bosm" could be cannabis is fascinating and not without some scholarly support, it remains a subject of debate and conjecture rather than established historical fact. The use of cannabis or any other specific psychoactive substances by the ancient Israelites in their religious or daily practices is not conclusively documented and should be approached with an open, critical, and scholarly perspective.

 

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